Advanced Characterization of a Direct Wafer Bonding-compatible Germanium Exfoliation Process

In this study, it is demonstrated that the propagation of long-range cracks in hydrogen-implanted germanium with a low-temperature exfoliation process (300 {degree sign}C max) is as complete as with conventional exfoliation processes that take place at higher temperatures. Such low-temperature exfoliation process is fully compliant with direct silicon to germanium wafer bonding. It allows for limited lattice deformation - enhanced bond strength i.e. - and limited voids formation at the bond interface during post-bonding anneal.

Source:IOPscience

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Fabrication of Relaxed Germanium on Insulator via Room Temperature Wafer Bonding

We report on the fabrication of, high quality, monocrystalline relaxed Germanium with ultra-low roughness on insulator (GeOI) using low-temperature direct wafer bonding. We observe that a two-step epitaxially grown germanium film fabricated on silicon by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition can be directly bonded to a SiO2 layer using a thin Al2O3 as bonding mediator. After removing the donor substrate silicon the germanium layer exhibits a complete relaxation without degradation in crystalline quality and no stress in the film. . The results suggest that the fabricated high quality GeOI substrate is a suitable platform for high performance device applications.

Source:IOPscience

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(Invited) Germanium on Sapphire Technology

Silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) substrates have been proven to offer significant advantages in the integration of passive and active devices in RF circuits. Germanium on insulator technology is a candidate for future higher performance circuits. Thus the advantages of employing a low loss dielectric substrate other than a silicon-dioxide layer on silicon will be even greater. This paper covers the production of germanium on sapphire (GeOS) substrates by wafer bonding. The quality of the germanium back interface is studied and a tungsten self-aligned gate process MOST process has been developed. High low field mobilities of 450-500 cm2/V-s have been achieved for p-channel MOSTs produced on GeOS substrates. Thick germanium on alumina (GOAL) substrates have also been produced.

Source:IOPscience

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